Barter
Exchange (goods or services) for other goods or
services
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Variable
A factor that can be changed a adapted
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Product
An article or substance manufactured for sale
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Culture
The ideas, customs and social behaviour o a
particular people or society
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Perceive
Be aware of conscious of (something); come to
realise or understand
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Norm
A standard or pattern, especially of social
behaviour, that is typical or expected
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Generic
Characteristic of or relating to a class or group of
things; not specific
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Stimuli
A thing that arouses activity or energy in someone
or something; a spur or incentive
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Attribute
A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or
inherent part of someone or something
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Categorisation
Place in a particular class or group
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Cross-cultural
Relating to different cultures or comparison between
them
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Open-ended
Having no predetermined limit or boundary
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Accommodation theory
Efforts on the part of the communicator to make
themselves as similar as possible to their audience in order to improve communication
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Rapport
A close and harmonious relationship in which the
people or groups concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and
communicate well
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Age compression
A controversial marketing strategy in which products
and attitudes normally associated with adults and older teenagers are
promoted to children and young teens
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Leasing
Describes a contract by which on party conveys land,
property or services to another (for a specified time) in return for payment
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High context
Cultures that focus on streams of information that
surround an event or situation in order to determine meaning from the context
in which it occurs
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Low context
Culture that filter out conditions surrounding an
event to focus as much as possible on words and objective facts
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Trial
A test of the performance, qualities, or suitability
of someone or something
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Acculturation
The adaptation to one country’s culture by someone
from another country
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Assimilate
Absorb and integrate ( people, ideas, or culture)
into a wider society or culture
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Aspirational reference groups
Groups to which we would like to belong, but
currently are not members
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Normative influence
When a consumer performs an action in order to
conform to another person’s expectations
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Determinant
A factor which decisively affects the nature or
outcome of something
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Affective component
Consumer’s emotions about the attitude object
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Communal goals
Goals that stress harmony and establishing
relationships
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Associative reference groups
Formal or informal groups to which we belong
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Heuristics
Simplified decision rules that could be used as
shortcuts to make decisions, such as price and brand name
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Hierarchy
A system in which members of an organisation or
society are ranked according to relative status or authority
|
Social mobility
Moving from one social class to another, either
upward or downward on the social class spectrum
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Status float
When consumers in the upper classes copy purchase
patterns and consumption behaviour previously seen in the lower classes
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Informative influence
When someone else provides information to the
consumer that the consumer then considers when making a purchase decision
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Framing
A decision-making process in which people tend to
reach conclusions based on the framework within which a situation was
presented
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Iconic
Sensory memory for images
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Echoic
Sensory memory for sound
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Litmus test
A decisively indicate test
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Trickle-down effect
When consumption patterns observed in the upper
classes are copied by the lower classes
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Psychological
Of, affecting, or arising in, the mind: related to
the mental and emotional state of the person
|
Cognitive component
A consumer’s cognitions, thoughts and beliefs about
the attitude object
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Conative component
The likelihood that the consumer will perform an
action
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Categorisation
The process of placing a product or brand in a
particular class or group
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Prototype
A first or preliminary version of a device or
vehicle from which other forms are developed
|
Loss aversion
The tendency for people to strongly prefer avoiding
losses than acquiring gains
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Schema
Associations with an object grouped together in a
meaningful way
|
Script
Knowledge of sequence of expected events in a given
situation
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Script disruption
User of prior knowledge to grab consumers’ attention
by interrupting the script
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Script facilitation
Use of prior knowledge to facilitate learning about
new product or brands
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Graded structure
A ranking of products based on how well they are
representative of the category
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Prototype
A product that best represents a product category
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Subordinate
Category below superordinate within taxonomic
structure
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Superordinate
Major category within basic level of taxonomic
structure
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Taxonomic categories
Knowledge that is organised into groups o similar
objects
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Discursive
Relating to discourse or modes of discourse
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Brand image
A subset of associations that are related to a
specific brand
|
Involvement
The relevance of an object to a person based on the
individual’s needs and values
|
Autobiographical
/episodic memory
Long-term memory about experiences that we have had
|
Semantic memory
General or generic information about how things work
in the world
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Negative disconfirmation
Performance is less than expected
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Positive disconfirmation
Performance is better than expected
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Internal search
Searching in the consumer’s own memory
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Consideration set
All brands that the consumer deems acceptable for
purchase
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Evoked set
External search combined with retrieved set
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Retrieved set
Internal search and retrieval of several memories
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Marketing mix
Probably the most famous marketing term. Its
elements are the basic, tactical components of a marketing plan. Also known
as the Four P’s, the marketing mix elements are price, place, product, and
promotion
|
Dissociative reference groups
Groups to which we do not want to belong that have
values and attitudes that we do not wish to emulate
|
Knowledge structure
How information is organised and stored
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Quotation
This may seem simple, but you need to give
customers what they want, not what you think they want. And, if you do this
people will keep coming back. – John Ilhan
Authentic marketing is not the art of
selling what you make but knowing what to make. It is the art of indentifying
customers’ needs and creating solutions that deliver satisfactions to the
customers, profits to the producers and benefits for the stakeholder. – Philip
Kotler
Any communication on marketing professional
needs cross-cultural research and communication skills to be able to succeed in
the future. – Marye Tharp
Understanding the conventions of culture as
well as the individual cultural differences and similarities of target locales
empowers marketing professionals to realise that one universal message, whether
verbal or visual, can never reach a global audience. – Yves Lang
* understand upcyle culture, female culture, and shopping culture
* understand upcyle culture, female culture, and shopping culture
No matter what your product is, you are
ultimately in the education business. Your customers need to be constantly
educated about the many advantages of doing business with you, trained to use
your products more effectively, and taught how to make never-ending improvement
in their lives. – Robert G. Allen
* what are the advantages of using my website and how do i inform my users about the advantages?
Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods
is a means of reputability of the gentlemen of leisure. – Thorstein Veblen
Women are a growing market force we have to
address – Thomas Weber, DaimlerChrysler
* my website is mainly for female which is a good market to address now
* my website is mainly for female which is a good market to address now
People often say that motivation doesn’t
last. Well, neither does bathing – that’s why we recommend it daily. – Zig
Ziglar
* how to recommend users to come back to my website everyday?
* how to recommend users to come back to my website everyday?
The motivation for all personal behaviours
is to produce a sense of ‘feel good’, a sense of inner peace and well being. To
expect a person to go against his desire to feel good on as good as he can feel
under any momentary condition is illogical and irrational. In the observation
of human behaviours, one will notice every human act is a response to a
personal need. – Sidney Madwed
Motivation is the art of getting people to
do what you want them to do because they want to. – Dwight David Eisenhower
Motivation is what gets you started. Habit
is what keeps you going. – Jin Rohn
* introduce the users about upcycling and motivate them to buy upcycled product then attract them to visit my website daily
* introduce the users about upcycling and motivate them to buy upcycled product then attract them to visit my website daily
It does not matters whether you are a small
broken or part of a large financial institution. You still have to establish an
identity that is unique from your competition. That identity is your brand
image. – Jeffrey Nelson
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